Arava (leflunomide)

Description

Arava, with the active ingredient Leflunomide, is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used to manage rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. It works by inhibiting the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which plays a key role in the synthesis of pyrimidines—essential for immune cell replication. By blocking this pathway, Arava suppresses overactive immune responses, helping reduce joint inflammation, pain, stiffness, and long-term joint damage.

Typically administered orally in 10 mg, 20 mg, or 100 mg tablet forms, it can be used alone or in combination with other DMARDs like methotrexate. Due to its long half-life, effects can persist for weeks after discontinuation.

Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, elevated liver enzymes, hair thinning, and hypertension. Serious risks include liver toxicity, immunosuppression, and teratogenicity—making it unsafe in pregnancy or for those planning to conceive. Regular monitoring of liver function and blood counts is required.

Always consult a rheumatologist or healthcare provider before starting or stopping Arava.